<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" ><generator uri="https://jekyllrb.com/" version="4.4.1">Jekyll</generator><link href="bustapi.com/feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" /><link href="bustapi.com/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" /><updated>2026-04-30T15:22:47+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/feed.xml</id><title type="html">Bustapi</title><subtitle>A mini-blog on Raspberry Pi related DIY projects.</subtitle><entry><title type="html">Advanced IP Scanner</title><link href="bustapi.com/advanced-ip-scanner/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Advanced IP Scanner" /><published>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/advanced-ip-scanner</id><content type="html" xml:base="bustapi.com/advanced-ip-scanner/"><![CDATA[<p>Advance IP Scanner is a IP scanning tools that can help in finding the IP Address for your connected Raspberry Pi. It is very useful especially when you are setting up the RaspberryPi in headless mode.</p>

<p>To download this tool, head over to its official page <a href="https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/" target="_blank">here</a>. Click on the <strong>Download</strong> button to download the installer.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vRsIdLPprp1qnn6KhdbgEQEQPlPOatqmX5Z_GxBJVQQzunk0OCizcJ6ngwrVBdoFR6alXUJ4zhkvlTy/pub?w=938&amp;h=676" /></p>

<p>Under the main application page, you can configure the range of IP address to scan and trigger the start of the scanning.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQEUpR5ep00YRKap56zY5vOmSi_EAgPLJtavqSVf1viA1Tw2-kSO33sejEoA8kEbddc2_U9bHJGiLmJ/pub?w=953&amp;h=658" /></p>

<p>Basically the system will scan through the range of IP address and display the list of available device found in the range. I found out that in order to get a better result, it is recommended to turn ON the High-accuracy scanning in the options. Navigate to <strong>Settings &gt; Options &gt; Performance</strong> and click on the “High-accuracy scanning (lower speed) checkbox and click OK.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vTAx_y7XC9pxjX6ekzx9b9Y0D_NWqnN2Rvg8LXkzM9DN6JsAfemCv6Vctw7jwi0DHMFL3Fxa--LBkVb/pub?w=955&amp;h=644" /></p>

<p>After clicking the Scan button, my system took roughly 2 minutes to complete the scan, I have around 30 devices connected to my router. From the result, you can get the Name, IP Address, Manufacturer and MAC address of all connected device on the same network, and from there you can find the IP Address for the connected Raspberry Pi. Do make sure that the hostname for the RaspberryPi is as default “raspberrypi” or you should see your custom hostname under the list.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQJBSnLD2nX9XTrOSxbbng0Hr2IEtPZDhqfyj7MFa_pIKYjMtn2NsgAX4jwmBockMDXHDfUjcEOxG63/pub?w=959&amp;h=615" /></p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="tools" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Advance IP Scanner is a IP scanning tools that can help in finding the IP Address for your connected Raspberry Pi. It is very useful especially when you are setting up the RaspberryPi in headless mode. To download this tool, head over to its official page here. Click on the Download button to download the installer. Under the main application page, you can configure the range of IP address to scan and trigger the start of the scanning. Basically the system will scan through the range of IP address and display the list of available device found in the range. I found out that in order to get a better result, it is recommended to turn ON the High-accuracy scanning in the options. Navigate to Settings &gt; Options &gt; Performance and click on the “High-accuracy scanning (lower speed) checkbox and click OK. After clicking the Scan button, my system took roughly 2 minutes to complete the scan, I have around 30 devices connected to my router. From the result, you can get the Name, IP Address, Manufacturer and MAC address of all connected device on the same network, and from there you can find the IP Address for the connected Raspberry Pi. Do make sure that the hostname for the RaspberryPi is as default “raspberrypi” or you should see your custom hostname under the list.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Raspberrypi Headless Setup</title><link href="bustapi.com/raspberrypi-headless-setup/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Raspberrypi Headless Setup" /><published>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/raspberrypi-headless-setup</id><content type="html" xml:base="bustapi.com/raspberrypi-headless-setup/"><![CDATA[<p>This article explains the step by step in setting up a headless Raspberrypi running on Raspberry Pi OS without connecting it to Monitor and Keyboard.</p>

<p>A standard method of setting up a Raspberrypi, involves writing the image file onto the SDCard, insert the SDCard into a Raspberrypi, and normally it will require a monitor and keyboard for the first boot to configure the WiFi, SSH, VNC, and etc. However we noticed that in a lot of scenario, we are not able to connect this RaspberryPi to a Monitor and a Keyboard. In this guide, the steps involved here will get you onto your Raspberrypi without the need for a Monitor or Keyboard.</p>

<h3 id="write-image-file-onto-sdcard">Write image file onto SDCard</h3>

<p>First, to write the Raspberry Pi OS, you can refer to <a href="/write-image-file-to-sdcard/" target="_blank">this</a> guide for more details. After you have the SDCard written, before inserting them into your Raspberry Pi, insert them into your PC as we will need to add some files onto it. If you have just completed the Raspberry Pi Imager, you might need to remove and re-insert the SDCard as the Raspberry Pi Imager will automatically unmount your SDCard from your PC.</p>

<h3 id="add-in-ssh-and-wpa_supplicantconf-file-to-boot-drive">Add in “ssh” and “wpa_supplicant.conf” file to boot drive</h3>

<p>After inserting the SDCard to your PC, you should see a drive called <strong>boot</strong> in your My Computer windows. Sometimes your computer might show a message saying that “you’ll need to format the drive to continue”. You can ignore the message as it is due to the ext4 drive format that is not supported by Windows.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vT8Ps9XrejP3eaSNwkRJtHIiLVlUAAIFas6P7HwqolSN0rQC6_ymys5gimbUh_soIQc2msPy6fEBXZa/pub?w=960&amp;h=649" /></p>

<p>Under this boot drive, you are required to add 2 files, the first one is “ssh” file. Take note that you will need to create an empty “ssh” file that does not has any extension. Before you proceed to next step, in order to avoid the confusion for the file extension, it is recommended to first show the extension for your File Explorer. At your Windows File Explorer, navigate to <strong>View &gt; Options &gt; View</strong> and uncheck the “Hide extensions for known file types”.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vSpW2QSNeUBCCOdYqC8jWMRQycIRu8q461NgreE59E1TjFtQwbfcG4usSScze1AEZz66M4S9QidsQyo/pub?w=866&amp;h=879" /></p>

<p>Now, navigate to the <strong>boot</strong> drive and you should see all the extension the files under this drive. Right click on the empty space and create a new Text Document.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQjD-fR037WIqEFvZLKz31Q5heCUhJ57n4jNbF-WMBpfDrOUus4tk3M6ToYSKao7BKcH92J1xuf2iGQ/pub?w=916&amp;h=715" /></p>

<p>Rename the “New Text Document.txt” to “ssh” without any extension. It should warn you about the changes of the extension, click Yes to apply. Now you should have a “ssh” file in your <strong>boot</strong> drive.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vSyit-ZfBRrWScrQIlIB4PxBn3xl5HwxwBqCh5exPJEtcZTLX2ip-B2fqX8j7fWdt89qlK7Vb6VjruP/pub?w=944&amp;h=1105" /></p>

<p>Next you will need to create a file called “wpa_supplicant.conf” under the same <strong>boot</strong> drive. Repeat the same steps as for the “ssh” file but this time, the filename is “wpa_supplicant.conf”. Do take note that the file name has to be exactly “wpa_supplicant.conf”.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vRE5LHmb5K_hO8k5xwUEnUy3hsRG9Qiz1PgWE7ca2Cvn8AIspjnhRE_8iflko1LIDjeE8E55l2_5H3f/pub?w=958&amp;h=494" /></p>

<h3 id="edit-wpa_supplicantconf-according-to-your-wifi-setup">Edit wpa_supplicant.conf according to your WiFi setup</h3>

<p>Next edit this file by using Notepad++ or any text editor that is available for you.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vTgmRY23d1E_sCSSbEjyloZ7EjDoXlgalyrww2BbmBjj7zwfZae95pyLwUwMB3EGqx-4hJdTxWp2GJa/pub?w=958&amp;h=612" /></p>

<p>Replace the country code, ssid and psk according to your country and WiF setup. You can refer for more information about wpa_supplicant.conf <a href="/wpa-supplicant-reference/" target="_blank">here</a>. After that, save the file, and eject the SDCard from your PC. The SDCard are now ready for the first boot up.</p>

<h3 id="first-boot-up">First boot up</h3>

<p>Insert the SDCard into your Raspberry Pi, take note that we are using WiFi communication for the connection through SSH, so you will need to use the Raspberry Pi that has built-in WiFi module. Connect the power connector and it should boot up accordingly. Also be sure that the RaspberryPi is within the coverage of the WiFi configured onto wpa_supplicant.conf file in the previous steps.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQuabd-FJcBRaIX1-7At3weWDDbkIklNHnnzbDQCYMMNWc0xXHIFWt5636YYDSACNjU0pN_6QlWV2Ie/pub?w=817&amp;h=696" /></p>

<p>For the first bootup it should take some time for the initial configuration, the expansion of partition and etc. After which it should be automatically connected to the WiFi according to your wpa_supplicant.conf file. In order to get the IP Address of the RaspberryPi, there are several ways. In this guide I am using Advance IP Scanner (more info <a href="/advanced-ip-scanner/" target="_blank">here</a>) to scan through all the connected device in my local network, and eventually find the IP Address of the RaspberryPi.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQJBSnLD2nX9XTrOSxbbng0Hr2IEtPZDhqfyj7MFa_pIKYjMtn2NsgAX4jwmBockMDXHDfUjcEOxG63/pub?w=959&amp;h=615" /></p>

<p>Aside from using this method, you can also check the connected device via your Router page, or you can use zeroconf method, or there are actually tons of way to get the IP address of your connected RaspberryPi.</p>

<h3 id="ssh-to-the-raspberry-pi">SSH to the Raspberry Pi</h3>

<p>After getting the IP Address, you can now access the device through SSH.</p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="how-to" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article explains the step by step in setting up a headless Raspberrypi running on Raspberry Pi OS without connecting it to Monitor and Keyboard. A standard method of setting up a Raspberrypi, involves writing the image file onto the SDCard, insert the SDCard into a Raspberrypi, and normally it will require a monitor and keyboard for the first boot to configure the WiFi, SSH, VNC, and etc. However we noticed that in a lot of scenario, we are not able to connect this RaspberryPi to a Monitor and a Keyboard. In this guide, the steps involved here will get you onto your Raspberrypi without the need for a Monitor or Keyboard. Write image file onto SDCard First, to write the Raspberry Pi OS, you can refer to this guide for more details. After you have the SDCard written, before inserting them into your Raspberry Pi, insert them into your PC as we will need to add some files onto it. If you have just completed the Raspberry Pi Imager, you might need to remove and re-insert the SDCard as the Raspberry Pi Imager will automatically unmount your SDCard from your PC. Add in “ssh” and “wpa_supplicant.conf” file to boot drive After inserting the SDCard to your PC, you should see a drive called boot in your My Computer windows. Sometimes your computer might show a message saying that “you’ll need to format the drive to continue”. You can ignore the message as it is due to the ext4 drive format that is not supported by Windows. Under this boot drive, you are required to add 2 files, the first one is “ssh” file. Take note that you will need to create an empty “ssh” file that does not has any extension. Before you proceed to next step, in order to avoid the confusion for the file extension, it is recommended to first show the extension for your File Explorer. At your Windows File Explorer, navigate to View &gt; Options &gt; View and uncheck the “Hide extensions for known file types”. Now, navigate to the boot drive and you should see all the extension the files under this drive. Right click on the empty space and create a new Text Document. Rename the “New Text Document.txt” to “ssh” without any extension. It should warn you about the changes of the extension, click Yes to apply. Now you should have a “ssh” file in your boot drive. Next you will need to create a file called “wpa_supplicant.conf” under the same boot drive. Repeat the same steps as for the “ssh” file but this time, the filename is “wpa_supplicant.conf”. Do take note that the file name has to be exactly “wpa_supplicant.conf”. Edit wpa_supplicant.conf according to your WiFi setup Next edit this file by using Notepad++ or any text editor that is available for you. Replace the country code, ssid and psk according to your country and WiF setup. You can refer for more information about wpa_supplicant.conf here. After that, save the file, and eject the SDCard from your PC. The SDCard are now ready for the first boot up. First boot up Insert the SDCard into your Raspberry Pi, take note that we are using WiFi communication for the connection through SSH, so you will need to use the Raspberry Pi that has built-in WiFi module. Connect the power connector and it should boot up accordingly. Also be sure that the RaspberryPi is within the coverage of the WiFi configured onto wpa_supplicant.conf file in the previous steps. For the first bootup it should take some time for the initial configuration, the expansion of partition and etc. After which it should be automatically connected to the WiFi according to your wpa_supplicant.conf file. In order to get the IP Address of the RaspberryPi, there are several ways. In this guide I am using Advance IP Scanner (more info here) to scan through all the connected device in my local network, and eventually find the IP Address of the RaspberryPi. Aside from using this method, you can also check the connected device via your Router page, or you can use zeroconf method, or there are actually tons of way to get the IP address of your connected RaspberryPi. SSH to the Raspberry Pi After getting the IP Address, you can now access the device through SSH.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Raspberry Pi Pinout</title><link href="bustapi.com/raspberrypi-pinout/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Raspberry Pi Pinout" /><published>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/raspberrypi-pinout</id><content type="html" xml:base="bustapi.com/raspberrypi-pinout/"><![CDATA[<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vShVewcuBui4geUL7TQE_y5ZT8DVbWFyka_c7ZTHeVz5JcYhM07spfhbimwXb_1IG9AkpIG1qMYFUeL/pub?w=961&amp;h=557" /></p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="reference" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">WPA Supplicant Reference</title><link href="bustapi.com/wpa-supplicant-reference/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="WPA Supplicant Reference" /><published>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2020-10-20T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/wpa-supplicant-reference</id><content type="html" xml:base="bustapi.com/wpa-supplicant-reference/"><![CDATA[<p>Normally WPA Supplicant file is located at:</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</code></pre></figure>

<p>You can easily edit the file by using nano:</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="nb">sudo </span>nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</code></pre></figure>

<p>or vim:</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="nb">sudo </span>vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</code></pre></figure>

<p>The default format for the file is:</p>

<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="nv">ctrl_interface</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">DIR</span><span class="o">=</span>/var/run/wpa_supplicant <span class="nv">GROUP</span><span class="o">=</span>netdev
<span class="nv">update_config</span><span class="o">=</span>1
<span class="nv">country</span><span class="o">=</span>&lt;Insert 2 letter ISO 3166-1 country code here&gt;

<span class="nv">network</span><span class="o">={</span>
 <span class="nv">ssid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"&lt;Name of your wireless LAN&gt;"</span>
 <span class="nv">psk</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"&lt;Password for your wireless LAN&gt;"</span>
<span class="o">}</span></code></pre></figure>

<p>Reference for country code <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="reference" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Normally WPA Supplicant file is located at: /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf You can easily edit the file by using nano: sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf or vim: sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf The default format for the file is: ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 country=&lt;Insert 2 letter ISO 3166-1 country code here&gt; network={ ssid="&lt;Name of your wireless LAN&gt;" psk="&lt;Password for your wireless LAN&gt;" } Reference for country code here.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Write Image File to SDcard</title><link href="bustapi.com/write-image-file-to-sdcard/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Write Image File to SDcard" /><published>2020-10-18T00:00:00+00:00</published><updated>2020-10-18T00:00:00+00:00</updated><id>bustapi.com/write-image-file-to-sdcard</id><content type="html" xml:base="bustapi.com/write-image-file-to-sdcard/"><![CDATA[<p>This article share the step by step on how to write a Raspberry Pi image onto SDcard.</p>

<h2 id="using-raspberry-pi-imager">Using Raspberry Pi Imager</h2>

<p>The simplest way to write image file onto SDcard is by using official Raspberry Pi Imager from Raspberry Pi. You can get the Raspberry Pi Imager from the official Raspberry Pi download page <a href="https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>

<p>Choose the download according to the operating system of the computer that you will use to write the image file. 
<img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vTXKTixmfXPOVivINy1wMpD3B_ohDypFGnxU7-BmXCTf13FX3CrU0LFZfn0xoMx7LIjOpUyrbk5v7RX/pub?w=951&amp;h=714" />
<!--more-->
For Windows version, you will need to install it onto your PC. After completing the installation, run Raspberry Pi Imager from your PC, and this will be the main windows.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vQ00Qmn4cTI4CHaBp7YYJk2_QF9XakA2eRxDPqGApEHEBWu4CA6ttsd0SbLwDx2zMBpAqAM7rHoPh5O/pub?w=813&amp;h=622" /></p>

<p>For the Operating System, you will have a few options to choose from:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Raspberry Pi OS (32-bit) - recommended</li>
  <li>Raspberry Pi OS (other)</li>
  <li>LibreELEC</li>
  <li>Ubuntu</li>
  <li>RetroPie</li>
  <li>TLXOS</li>
  <li>Misc Utility Images</li>
  <li>Erase</li>
  <li>Use Custom - this option allows you to specify the image file from your system</li>
</ul>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vSpzK719EBfUlfvlUawP_jiVB7jeq7nOQLt0c4yeqCkdjnhjFyvcrFHYin5NyHFtjwBmKLeEldWQi4M/pub?w=926&amp;h=622" /></p>

<p>Next step is to choose the SDCard to write to. Ensure that the SDCard you intend to write to is inserted into your PC either using USB SDCard reader or direct SDCard slot. If it is inserted correctly, it should be shown on the available SDCard page. To avoid writing to the wrong device, please remove the unused SDCard or USB drive.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vRAYsNH6JYCc8m_QpppZQzBDOlvebQ_Fkt8BCLy0aR1E3sVlGCqjrcgY1siXYMwQtjeUFCpc-2X1Vsr/pub?w=957&amp;h=647" /></p>

<p>The last step is to click on the click on the WRITE button. Take note that it will also ask for confirmation after you’ve click the WRITE button.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vScxmgKyvLEIQinanXGmONGesiP2BWKTGdxqNcz1ipf98nbT-8xm9q_8YGD4ZZKMBat9Z42KiCXqvZt/pub?w=951&amp;h=636" /></p>

<p>The write process should start after that. In my case it tooks around 25 minutes to complete, but it depends on the internet speed and the SDCard write speed. The full image file will be automatically downloaded from the internet before the write process begin.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vTq2UWrHMdm_utB0cty3EI9Ukep4FJQfaMdmEmPQEgbU3vTQt36HjcFflKSR5rx-Tl7_YtJh4PE0Nqb/pub?w=961&amp;h=641" /></p>

<p>After it is complete, you can now remove the SDCard from your system and insert it to a Raspberry Pi.</p>

<p><img src="https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/e/2PACX-1vS8WzOql-ctTjyOGBedP9UEs7Kc2mgV7FvBXvAkG3CnHQTd_FY0Z3F3PWbKKKbiC_ve03vjhFTWfWzs/pub?w=959&amp;h=645" /></p>]]></content><author><name></name></author><category term="how-to" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[This article share the step by step on how to write a Raspberry Pi image onto SDcard. Using Raspberry Pi Imager The simplest way to write image file onto SDcard is by using official Raspberry Pi Imager from Raspberry Pi. You can get the Raspberry Pi Imager from the official Raspberry Pi download page here. Choose the download according to the operating system of the computer that you will use to write the image file.]]></summary></entry></feed>